What are the 5 most common testing in NDT?

The 5 Most Common Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Methods

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is a group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component, or system without causing damage. The following are the five most commonly used NDT methods:

1. Visual Inspection (VT)

Visual Inspection, one of the simplest forms of NDT, involves examining a component or structure for visible defects. This method can be enhanced with various tools, such as magnifying glasses, mirrors, or borescopes, to inspect hard-to-reach areas. It is widely used due to its simplicity and low cost.

2. Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

Ultrasonic Testing uses high-frequency sound waves to detect imperfections or changes in the properties of materials. It can measure the thickness of materials and identify flaws such as cracks and voids. UT is highly effective for inspecting metal and plastic components.

3. Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)

Magnetic Particle Testing involves magnetizing a ferromagnetic material and then applying ferromagnetic particles to it. The presence of a surface or near-surface discontinuity allows the magnetic flux to leak, attracting the particles and indicating a defect. MT is particularly useful for detecting surface cracks.

4. Radiographic Testing (RT)

Radiographic Testing uses X-rays or gamma rays to create images of the internal structure of a component. Differences in material thickness or density are shown as variations in the image's darkness. RT is valuable for inspecting welds and identifying internal defects.

5. Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT)

Liquid Penetrant Testing involves applying a liquid with high surface wetting characteristics to the surface of a component. After a suitable dwell time, the excess liquid is removed, and a developer is applied, drawing trapped penetrant out of imperfections open to the surface, making them visible. PT is effective for detecting surface-breaking defects on non-porous materials.